Consolidation 

Consolidations are easy to see on lung US. The normally aerated lung (A lines) becomes hepatised giving it a liver like echo texture: hypoechoic, homogenous. 

Common causes of consolidated lung

- pneumonia

- malignancy

- pulmonary infarct (wedge shaped usually)

- aspiration 

SHRED SIGN

Small consolidations have a hyperechoic rim and B lines - this is where the lung is becoming more aerated but still filled with more fluid than normal giving rise to B lines (shred sign).

AIR BRONCHOGRAMS

Air bronchograms and veins are commonly seen in large consolidations typically due to bacterial or ventilator associated pneumonia.

FLUID BRONCHOGRAMS

Consolidation due to bronchial obstruction lead to fluid bronchograms and dilated bronchi.